Petroleum incandescent lamp.



j un. s34,|25. Patented oct. 3, |899. Y lll. S. WILLIAMS.

PETBOLEUI INGANDESGENT LAMP. (vppumn am Nov. 2, 189s.; (lo Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet i.

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Patented Oct. 3, |899. D. S. WILLIAMS. PETBULEUM INCANDESGENT LAMP.

(Application filed Nov. 2. 1898.)

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Patented Oct. 3,1899;

n, s. WILLIAMS. PETROLEUM lHGANDESGENT-LAHP.

(Lppltion led Nov. 2, 1898.)

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(Ilo Model.)

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UNITED 1 STATES PATENT OEE-ICE.

DAvID s.' WILLIAMS, or rIIILADELEHIA,Y PENNSYLVANIA, AssieNoE To IIIMSELF AND .IosEPII A. VINCENT, or SAME PLACE.

PETROLEUM INCANDESCENT LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 634,125, dated October 3, 1899.

. Application led November 2, 1898l Serial No. 695.278. (No modeLlf v .To all whom t rrr/ay concern:

Be it known that I, DAVIDS. WILLIAMS, a. citize'n of the United Statges'of America, and a resident of. Philadelphia, in the' county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have inl vented certain new and useful Improvements in Petroleum-Oillncandescent Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in 4devices for producing heat andlight from petroleum oil, and is especially'designed for, although not necessarily confined to, the luse of oil having a specific gravity of about .807, a liashing-pointof upward of 110o Fahrenheit, anda burning-point of upward of 125 Fahrenheit. i

My invention consists of animprovedvap-j orizer consisting of a plurality'otretorts cor responding in number to the burners and ar` ranged respectively vdirectly above the same. In'the construction I have shown each retort, except the last of the series, has a branch or project-ion of smaller diameter than and extending into and'through the next vaporizer of the series, whereby Isecure a large heating area Within a comparatively short length of vaporizer and eect a thorough superheating of the vapor prior to mixing it with air.y Y

The invention alsojcousists in a particular larrangement of f the expansion-tube and burner with respect to the vaporizer. e It also consists in a'construction and arrangement of the air-passagesleading to the expansion and mixing tube for overcoming the noise common to burners of the type referred to. y

It also consists of an arrangement of pipe connections between the oilreservoir and the lamps whereby compressed air may be forced through the vapori'zer for the purpose of re-V moving deposits 'of carbon therein.

It also consists invarions'details of construction, which willy be fully dealt with here' inafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Fgu re l illustrates a diagrammatic view of the oil-supplyV reservoir and the burners or lampsV the same. Fig. 4 illustrates a perspective 4View of a burner, the retort of which is arranged to vaporize oil for a three-burner-head cluster. Fig. 5 illustrates a plan view of Fig. 4 with the vaporizing-retort in section. Fig. 6 represents a detached vertical section of the vaporizer shown in Figs. 2 and 8. Fig. '7 illustrates a plan view of the hood and connections employed in conjunction with the burners shown in Figs. 2 and 4. Fig. 8 represents a vertical section of the hood with the burner attached, the burner being provided With'incandescent mantles and surrounded b y a transparent globe. Fig. 9 illustrates a horizontal section Yoi" hood on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8, showing themanner in which air is admitted through the hood to the mixing-chamber; Fig. 10 represents afvertical section ot the hood and burner, taken on line 10 l0 of Fig. 8, looking in the directionof the arrow. Fig. 11 illustrates 'a vertical section of the spring-actuated check-valve which is `de signed to be placed upon the supply-pipe on each of the lamps, and Fig. l2 represents a vertical section of a diaphragm -yvalve designed to be placed upon each of the burners for the purpose of completely cutting ot'the supply of oil when the same are not in use.V Referring to the letters of reference upon the drawings, A represents a-reservoir into which the oil is placed and maintained .un-V

der aconsiderablev pressure by the use of a small pump ct, which is so arranged 'that either air or oil may be forced into the reservoir when desired. The pumpo. is secured to theA lowerportion A' of the reservoir, into -which the oil is placed prior to being forced into the portion A, the pump having a connection o2, provided with 'a check -valve d3, and a strainer o4. All of said parts are arranged within the portion A of said reser- Voir. Above the portion A of the reservoir is a connection n.5, which leads from said pump to the upper or pressure portion of the reservoir, the same being provided with a check-valve 0.6, and on the opposite side of reservoir is an opening al, through which oil sis' admitted and which is kept normally closed by means of a spring-seated valve as.

Vithin the reservoir A is a float a9, to which IOO is secured a tape al", having marked upon it l figures which indicate the number of gallons of oil in the reservoir, which may be seen at a glance through thc glass-covered sight a in the top of the reservoir. The tape d10 is wound upon a spool 61.12 by means of a spring als, which takes up the slack tape as the oil enters the reservoir and raises the float.

a14 is a pressure-gage to record the pressure in the tank.

au15 is the oil-supply pipe, which conveys the oil to the lamps L. This pipe is provided with a diaphragm-valve al, which is so constructed as to completely cut off the supply of oil to the lamps when desired.

a is a connection leading from the pipe a15 to the upper end of the reservoir A and is provided with a diaphragm or other valve als.

It frequently becomes necessary inl extending the supply-pipe @15in making repairs, duc, to remove the oil from the supply-pipe, and for this purpose I employ a connection 0.19 and valve a2", by which means the oil may pass from the supply-pipe to the lower part A of the reservoir.

I have described above a simple system of supplying and regulating the supply of oil to burners or lamps employed to light stores, factories, duc. but where a large number of lamps is required the hand-pump a can be dispensed with and a ram employed controlled by water-pressure, such as is at present used in maintaining a pressure on beer and other liquors in saloons and public places.

The lamp or burner embodied in my invention is especially adapted to a construction in which two or more burner-heads are employedand the construction of the vaporizer is such that the oil or vapor therefrom will be conveyed from one to another of the retorts comprising the vaporizer until the required heat is taken up by the iiuid to produce, when mixed with air, a perfect reducing-flame.

Referring to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and G of the drawings, B represents the vaporizer, which is divided into as many retorts as there are burner-heads.

In Figs. 2 and 3 the vaporizer is divided into two retorts B and B2, the retort B' being oonnected with an oil-supply pipe 0,15 through the medium of a coupling b', threaded thereto. The opposite end of the retort B is reduced and passes through the retort B2, the two being threaded together near the center. The retort B2 is provided with a discharge-opening b2, which has a detachable nipple b3. Below the vaporizer is al mixing-chamber C, which has at its upper end air-inlet tube'sC and C2 and at the bottom branches C3 and C4, communicating with the burner-heads C5 and C, provided with nickel wire-gauzeo5 and c6 and binding-posts c7 and e8 for clamping the supports for holding incandescent mantels.

Extending through the mixing-chamber C isV a stem D, provided with a needle d, which enters the-nipple b3 and serves to regulate the ow of vapor from the vaporizer. The vaporizer is arranged in such a manner that the retortsB and B2 pass directly over the burnerheads, and. is detachably secured'to the mixing-tube yby a set-screw c. Threaded to the bottom of the mixing-chamber is a nut 010, which is internally threaded to receive the stem D, and upon said nut is fastened a cup E, into which is placed a small quantity of alcohol for the purpose of heating and causing the initial vaporization of oil in the vaporizer. l

In the construction illust-rated in Figs. *I and the vaporizer B is composed of three retorts and the mixing-chamber is provided with three burner-heads. Otherwise it will be seen that the construction is throughout the same, 'and like letters of reference are used to designate like parts. The vaporizer B has a retort B', whiohis provided with a coupling b' and 'supplypipe als. Leading therefrom is a passage b4, which leads into a pipe b5, which is within the retort B2, and practically forms an extension of the retort B', as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. From theretort B2 of the three-burner type is a passage h6, which leads into the pipe o7 within the retort B3, and from the retort B3 leads a .passage bs, which communicates with the opening b9 of the discharge.

It is also necessary to drain the pipe 0.15 previous to decarbonizin g the vaporiZing-retorts. In any petroleum-Oil lamp of the character of that to which this invention relates the vaporizing-retorts become in the course of time clogged with carbon that is constantly deposited during the burni'ngof the lamp. Various expedients have been devised to remove this deposit of `oa'rbon-in other words, to decarbonize the vaporizer. The construction that I have described affords a readilymanipulated means of effecting this result by means of an air-blast. will be understood that by the manipulation of the pump a the oil is pumped from the lower part of the upper part of the reservoir A. When the oil in the lower tank sinks below the level o the strainer a4, bya continued operation of the pump air is forced into the upper tank until the desired working pressure is secured therein, the air in the lower tank being replenished through thevalve as. If it is desired to force a blast of air through the vaporizer, (valves am and als being olosed,) the valve d20 is opened, draining the oil in pipe al5 into the lower tank. This valve is thenclosed. Valve al? is then`opened,where upon the compressed air in the upper tank of the reservoir rushes through pipe Q15, causing a blast of air to pass through the vaporizer,

removing the carbon that has been deposited therein. Valve a17isthenolosed. This means of clearing out the vaporizer is extremely simple and altogether inexpensive. It should be understood that the air-blast must be applied to the vaporizer while the latter is in a highly-heated. condition, viu which case the air WillV combine with the carbon, producing carbon dioXid, which will be forced into and through the expansion-tube and burners.

IOO

In the first place it IIO The burner-heads G7, C8, and C9, connected' to the expansion and mixing chamber C by branches c, cl2, and cl3, are arranged directly below the retorts B', B2, and B3 and have binding-posts c, 015, and o16 for supporting mantles.

In Figs. 7, 8, 9, and l I have illustrated the burner, which is provided with a hood F and chimney It", and below the hood I have shown a glass globe Gr, which incloses the burner from the bottom, the whole forminga complete lamp. The air-inlettubes C'andC2 are secured to the hood F by means of nuts fand f',-and above the hoodfis arranged a curved collar F3, which surrounds the central portion F*2 of the hood and forms an annular chamber F4, which has openings f4 and f5, through which air passes to the inlet-tubes C and C2. The object of the above-mentioned chamber and the arrangement ot' the air-passages therein is to break up the sound-vibrations caused by the induction of airinto the mixing-chamber, which emits a very annoying sound peculiar to lamps of this type. Above the chamber F4 is the chimney F', which has a haring base F5, supported above the hood by means of supports f", thus leaving an annular space between the flaring base F5 and the central portion F2 of the hood, through which air is induced by the products of combustion passing upward through the chimney and reduces the temperature of the hood and chimney of the lamp. Over the chimney F' is placed a cap F6, united thereto by a brace F7, and between the cap and chimney is placed a ring Fs, formed of Wire-gauze, which serves to prevent the iiamepfrom' passing out through the top of chimneyshould the lamp be badly adjusted in starting. The lamp is supported from above by a rod F9, surrounded by a casing F10, which is of sufficient diameterto inclose the oil-supply pipe @15.l

One of the chief annoyances if not a source of danger in these lamps is caused by the oxidizing or burning out 'of the vaporizer, which cannot be avoided except the same be made of platinum or some other rare and non-oxidiz'ablemetal, the cost of which would preclude the general adaptation of the lamp. W'here a system of lamps is carefully attended by a skilled operator, this would not occur, as the retorts when badly oxidized could be readily removed and new ones replaced; but it too often happens that devices of this kind are handled by unskilled persons and carelessly manipulated. Ihave succeeded in entirely overcoming any danger which might result from this cause by placing in that portion of the supply-pipe adjacent to the lamp a spring-actuated cheek-valve I-I, the spring S of which is adjusted so as to keep the valve h in an elevated or balanced position when the lamp is working under normal conditions; but should the pressure be suddenly relieved by a break in the vaporizing or from any other disarrangement of the working parts of the lamp and the pressure be' suddenlylrelie'ved on the burner end of theoil-supply pipe the valve would close and be Iirmly held upon its seat, thus completely cutting oft the supply of oil to the lamp.

The initial vaporization of the 'oil in the retorts is caused by igniting a small quantity of alcohol in the cup E, and I find it desirable in producing this initial vaporization to place Vabove the vaporizer a baffle-plate I, which is suspended from a bracket I' by a rod i and curved, so as to concentrate the heat upon the vaporizer. The outer ends of the barile-plate are curved inwardly, so as to form a support for a stripof asbestos or other refractory material, which is best adapted to receive and concentrate the heat upon the vaporizer. For street lighting and other outside use the cup maybe dispensed with and a torch employed to heat the retorts in producing the initial vaporization.

Another important detail of construction in a completed lamp is the valve K, which is of the diaphragm type and serves to cut oit the oil-supply to the lamps when the same are not in use. This valve is secured to the hood by va plate L and placed in the supply-pipe l5, between the check-valve H and the vaporizer B.

It will be understood that while I have shown and described many desirable details of construction many changes may be madeA inv the details herein enumerated without departing from the scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what vI claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A vaporizer for hydrocarbon-oil burners comprisinga series of two or more retorts communicatin g with each other each of which'except the last of the series has a branch extending into the next retort in the series the last ret-ort ofthe series being provided with a discharge-orifice arranged centrally between the group, substantially as specified. y

2. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a mixing-chamber having air-inlet tubes, a series of burners arranged aboutv the mixingchamber and communicating therewith, a vaporizer communicating with an oil-supply pipe and having a series of two or more re- -torts communicating with each other and corresponding in number with the burner-heads,

each of the retortsbeing arranged directly Vabove its corresponding burner of the series of burners, the last retort of the series being provided with a discharge-orifice opening into the mixing-chamber.

3. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a vaporizer located Within the heat vzone having IOO IIO

zr v 634,125

mixing-chamber and communicating therewith, each burner of said series being arranged directly below its corresponding retort.

4. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer located within the heat zone having an oil-supply pipe and a vapordischarge orifice said vaporizer having a series of two or more detachable retorts communicating with each other a centrally-located mixing-chamber communicating with the vaporizer and having air-inlet tubes, a series of burner-heads correspondingin number with the retorts and communicating with the mixing-chamber each burner of the series being located directly below its corresponding.

retort.

5. A vaporizer for hydrocarbon-oil burners comprising a series of two or more retorts communicating with each other which are detachably secured together, one of the retorts being provided with an oil-supply pipe while the last in the series is provided with a centrally-located discharge-orifice adapted to the mixing-chamber of a hydrocarbon-oil burner.

6. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer located within the heat zone having an oil-supply pipe and a vapordischarge orifice, said vaporizer being formed of a series of two or more retorts communicating with each other, each of said retorts being detachably secured to the body of the vaporizer, a mixing-tube com municating with the vaporizer and provided with air-inlet tubes, a series of burner-heads corresponding in number with the retorts and arranged about the mixing-chamber and communicating therewith each burner of the series being arranged directly below its corresponding retort and adapted to directly heat the same.

7. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer provided with inlet and discharge connections, said vaporizer being formed of a series of two or more retorts arranged within the heat zone, each of said retorts bei-ng detachable from the body of the vaporizer, a hood mounted above the vaporizer, a curved barde-plate suspended from said hood and arranged directly above the vaporizer, a centrally-located mixing-chamber communicating with the vaporizer having air-intake tubes secured to the hood, a series of burner-heads comm unicating with the mixing-chamber and provided with incandescent mantles.

8. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer provided with inlet and discharge connections, said vaporizer being formed of a series of two or more retorts arranged within the heat zone, said retor'ts being detachable and communicating with each other, a hood and chimney mounted above 'the vaporizer having an air-chamber containing two or more air-inlet openings, a curved bathe-plate secured within the hood, a central mixing-chamber communicating with the vaporizer and having air-intake tubes secured to the hood, a series of burner-heads arranged about the mixing-chamber and conimunicat ing therewith the same being provided with incandescent mantles, a needle-valve located in the mixing-chamber, and a globe suspended from the hood surrounding the burner.

9. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer provided with an airinlet pipe having an automatic check-valve in close proximity to the burner and a discharge-nozzle arranged centrally between a series of two or more retorts comprising the vaporizer, a mixing-chamber communicating with the vaporizer, the same being provided with air-inlet tubes, a series of burner-heads, surrounding and communicating with the mixing-chamber providedwith incandescent mantles and a regulating-valve located in the mixing-chamber to regulate the flow of vapor from the vaporizer.

10. A hydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a detachable vaporizer formed of a series of two or more retorts, the vaporizer being provided with an oil-supply pipe, which has an automatic check-valve and a diaphragm-regulating valve in close proximity to the burner, a central mixing-chamber communicating with the vaporizer havin g air-intake tubes secured to a hood above the burner, a series of burnerheads surrounding the mixing-chamber and communicating therewith the same being provided with incandescent mantlesadapted to heat the retorts, and an adjustableA needlevalve in the mixing-chamber to regulate the flow of vapor from a nozzle in the vaporizer. 11. In a hyd rocarbon-oil burner, the combination. with two or more burners and an expansion-chamber, communicating therewith, of a Vaporizer arranged to discharge into the expansion-chamber, the vaporizer consisting of a plurality of retorts correspondingin number to the burners and arranged respectively directly above the burners, said retorts communicatin g with each other, and each of which except the last of the series has a branch extending into the next retort in the series.

12. In a petroleum incandescent lamp, the combination with a hood, of two or more incandescent burners and an air-and-vapor-mixing chamber arranged directly below and suspended from the hood, and a vaporizerextending horizontally directly over and in vertical alinement with all of the burners and arranged at the top of the mixing-chamber, vsubstantially as described.

13. In a petroleum incandescent lamp, the combination with the hood, of two or more burner-heads, an air-and-vapor-mixing chamber and a vaporizer, all suspended from the hood, the burner communicating with the mixing-tube at the lower end thereof and provided at the top with a multiplicity of small discharge-openings, the vaporizer extending horizontally directly over and in vertical alinement with all of the burners and arranged at the top of the mixing-chamber, substantially as described.

14. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner, the combi- XOO IIO

of and supported by the mixing-chamber, substantially as described. y Y

l5. In a petroleum incandescent lamp, the

combination with the burners, of the mixing and expansion chamber arranged between and alongside of the burners, and a vaporizer located above the burners, the vaporizer comprising a series of two or more retorts communicating with each other each of which except the last of the series has a branch etending into the next retort of the series, the last retort of the series being provided with an oritice arranged centrally between the group and adapted to discharge into the mixing and eX- pansion chamber.

` 16.' A petroleum incandescent lamp, cornprising a hood, an expansion tube or chamber depending therefrom, having an opening for the ingress of air, a burner-head located above the lower end of the expansion-tube and comn1 unicatin g therewith, and provided at the top with a multiplicity of small discharge-openings,` and a substantially horizontal vaporizer arranged above the burner-head and communicating with the'top of the expansion-tube.

17. A petroleum incandescent lamp comprising a hood, an expansion tube or chamber depending therefrom having an opening for the ingress of air, a burner-head located above the lower end of the expansion-tube and communicating therewith and provided with an incandescent mantle, and a horizontal vaporiZing-tube arranged above the mantle and communicating with the expansion-tube.

18. A vaporizer for hydrocarbon-oil V,burners comprising a series ot' two or more radially-disposed tubes or retorts, one of said retorts being provided with an oil-supply pipe, the last retort of the series being provided with a discharge-orifice located centrally between the retorts.

19. Ahydrocarbon-oil burner comprising a mixing-chamber having two or more burners arranged around the same and communicating therewith, a horizontal vaporizer above the burners having a series of two or more retorts disposed radially with .respect to the mixing-chamber and corresponding in number to the burners, the last retort of the series being provided with an orifice located centrally between the retorts and arranged to discharge into the upper end of the mixing-chamber.

20. AhydrocarbOn-oilburner comprising,in combination, a hood, a plurality of burners, an upright mixing-tube between the burners and communicating therewith, a laterally-extending vaporizer arranged at the top of the mixing-tube, the central portion of which communicates with the mixing-tube, while the radially-disposed outer tubes or retorts of the vaporizer overhang the burners.

2l. In a petroleumincandescent lamp, the combination with the hood, the burners, the mixing and expansion chamber arranged between and alongside of the burners, and a vaporizer located above the burners, the vaporizercomprisinga series of two or more retorts communicating with each other each of which except the last of the series has a branch extending into the next retort of the series, the lastretort of the series being provided with an orilcel arranged centrally between t-he group and adapted to discharge into the mixing andV expansion chamber, the said chamber, the burners and the vaporizer being suspended from the hood.

22. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner, the combination with a hood having the laterally-projecting annular flange, of two or more burnerheads, a vertically-extending air-and-vapormixing chamber arranged centrallyr below the hood, a horizontally-extending vaporizer arranged centrally at the top of the mixing.

chamber, the vaporizer havinga series of communicating retorts arranged directly over the burner-heads and correspondingin number thereto, the last retort of the series having a discharge-orifice arranged centrally between the group of retorts, a'chamber arranged above the annular fl'ange of the hood, there being an air-induction passage connecting the last-mentionedchamber with the mixing-chamber, the mixing-chamber, burnerheads and vaporizer being suspended from the hood, substantially as described.

23. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner, the combination with a hood having the centrallydisposed chimney and the laterally-projecting annular flange, of two or more burnerheads, an air-and-vapor-mixing chamber arranged between and communicating withthe burners and directly beneath, and in substantial vertical alinement with the center of the chimney, and suspended from the hood, a horizontally-extending vaporizer arranged at the top of and resting centrally upon the Cmixing-chainber, the vaporizer having a series of communicating retorts arranged drectly overthe burner-heads and corresponding in number thereto, the last retort of the series having a discharge-orifice arranged centrally'between the group of retorts, a

chamber arranged above the annular flange of the hood, and air-induction tubes or pipes connecting the last-mentioned chamber with the mixing chamber, substantially as described.

rco

rrd.

IIS

Sig-ned vby me at Philadelphia, Pennsylvay nia, this 1st day of November, 1898.

DAVID s. WILLI-AMS. VVitnesses:V I

* WALTER C. PUSEY,

JOSHUA PUsEY. 

